Human Trafficking Is Affected By Supply And Demand

Lastly, as with any business model, human trafficking in Japan is affected by supply and demand. The legalization of sex related business has led to a large market for sex tourists and local individuals who wish to engage in sexual activities. Also, a part of Japanese culture, which focuses on a man’s â€Å"need† for sex to promote physical health has led to the social acceptance of the sex industry. Incompetence and corruption in Japan’s government affects the prevalence of human trafficking. One such example of incompetence is an incident wherein reports by non-governmental organizations estimated that approximately 3,400 foreign workers recruited as â€Å"trainees† in 2012, were potential victims of labor trafficking. When confronted with this evidence, Japan’s government was reluctant to consider any illegal workers as trafficking victims. Instead, Japan defined them as victims of contract fraud. A prime example of governmental corruption in Jap an concerns an ex-government official who accepted a $54,000 bribe to use government connections to facilitate the granting of entertainment visas to 280 Filipina women. The visas were granted by officials in the Department of Justice and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The government has not investigated or prosecuted any individuals allegedly involved in this trafficking-related corruption case. There is also a major lack of victim protection by Japan’s government. According to globalministries.org â€Å"Forty of forty three identifiedShow MoreRelatedSex Trafficking And Human Trafficking Essay1243 Words   |  5 Pages Human trafficking brings in billions of dollars into the U.S and all around the world. â€Å"The prime motive for such outrageous abuse is simple: money. In this $12 billion global business just one woman trafficked into the industrialized world can net her captors an average $67,000 a year† (Baird 2007). The laws around human trafficking are not strict and vary depending on what country it is happening in. Human trafficking is not something that is strictly foreign, itRead MoreHuman Trafficking And The United States1417 Words   |  6 Pagesvictims of human trafficking. Every country has this problem and it has become the 3rd largest illegal industry worldwide. Human Trafficking is the trade of humans mainly for sexual slavery, but also forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation for the trafficker and sometimes others who take part in this act. Human trafficking is also used for organs or tissues, including surrogacy, ova removal, or making these victims spouses for traffickers or their customers. Human trafficking is definedRead MoreDisappearances Occur All The Time1587 Words   |  7 Pageshave no strict regulations against human trafficking. Should this mean, that, the economic benefit of a country from human trafficking justify tolerating it? Many of its victims are commonly trafficked into forced labor, forced sexual labor and domestic labor (Ferrell 2015). Their victims are kept in barbaric living conditions. Under these circumstances, they live horrid and short lives as psychological disorders drive them to seek death as an alternative. Their human rights ignored. Therefore, the economicRead MoreThe Global Slave Trade By David Batstone Essay1577 Words   |  7 PagesThe global slave trade encapsulates many different types of slavery, a major one being sexual trafficking. Nadia’s story and Padre Cesare’s rescue missions portrayed in Not For Sale help to show some of the horrendous aspects of sexual exploitation. One main problem presented by David Batstone is the corruption of law enforcement, especially in regards to human trafficking. Batstone claims that police officers â€Å"[open] border crossings for traffickers, [shield] them from arrest at the hands of theirRead MoreThe Unjust Trade And Enslavement Of Human Beings927 Words   |  4 Pagesunjustified trade and enslavement of human beings is known as human trafficking. Traffic victims are most times compelled to sell their freedom, and are subject to coercive subjugation. Human trafficking occurs throughout the United States and globally. Trafficking of person is driven by high profits and low risk, as traffickers generate billions o f dollars yearly, and a low chance of the activities of traffickers been discovered by appropriate authorities. Trafficking of humans ultimately has grave consequencesRead MoreChallenges Of Transnational Organized Crime1260 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscussing the challenges human trafficking, drug trafficking, corruption and bribes, and illegal logging. At the end of each of the organised crime security challenges, this essay will discuss how these challenges differ from traditional security threats. The traditional security paradigm is focused on physical and external security threats to states. It promotes that security should be state centred and national security is primary over other securities, such as human security. States must defendRead MoreOverview of Victimology1726 Words   |  7 Pageshas well established links and that is rampant in the U.S, and by addition the entire world is human trafficking (Daigle, 2012). Findings by the United States department of Justice published in 2011; cited that the state had opened 2,515 cases of suspected cases of human trafficking. The report further cited that 82% of the suspected cases of human trafficking incidents were confirmed as sex trafficking crimes. Further statistics provided in the report state that of the 83% nearly half of the victimologyRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is A Form Of Modern Day Slavery1568 Words   |  7 PagesModern Times Slaves Human trafficking is a form of modern day slavery where its perpetrators profit from control, exploitation, coercion and defrauding of others through forced labor, or sexual exploitation and in some cases both. Sexual exploitation is the most prevalent form of human trafficking especially in the United States. Even though accurate statistics are rare in this field, those currently existing approximate that massive numbers of women and girls are sold for sexual exploitation withinRead MorePornography Addiction Essay1272 Words   |  6 PagesSexual exploitation by selling sex is one of the oldest businesses in human history. But the world has never seen such an increase in the acceptance of pornography than in the last 25 years. Neither has the world ever been in a place where sexually explicit material is so accessible to everyone, in the privacy of their own homes, due to the internet. Because of the growth of the social acceptance and universal accessibility of pornography, the eff ects have been widespread and damaging. PornographyRead MoreThe Unspoken Captivity : Retrospectives On Human Trafficking3262 Words   |  14 PagesCaptivity: Retrospectives on Human Trafficking Brandon Howell, Kyounga McElroy, Susan Pawlak, Barbara Gardner Davenport University â€Æ' The Unspoken Captivity: Retrospectives on Human Trafficking Human trafficking is a method of modern day slavery which entails the illegal trade of persons for sexual exploitation or forced labor. Each year thousands of men, women and children are victims of this suppression. Countless countries including the United States are affected by trafficking. Habitually, traffickers

Plato And Aristotle s Views On Politics And Society

Plato and Aristotle are philosophers that both have an idea of an ideal state but they have their differences. While there are benefits to each of their views on politics and society, there are also many negative things about their views. Some of their negative views were realistic at one point in time but few are the same in today s society. Although I don t fully agree with either philosopher, I would have to side with Aristotle overall. The two philosophers had many differences but they were also similar in some ways. They both believed that nature had a way on playing a role on decision making and how things were in society. Philosophers are thinkers and Plato and Aristotle displayed qualities of great thinkers that had ideas of an ideal state. Both of them had views on how a state should be and the way it should run. One more comparison that made them similar is they both believe in slaves and that they still have a function in society. Although there are no slaves in today’s society there are still people that display the qualities of who they described as slaves. Plato had some views that seemed realistic to society while others to me seemed to be unjust for the people. According to Plato everyone by nature has their own function and in order to make an ideal state they each need to serve that role and only that. They are not permitted to do more than one thing or venture off of what they are suited best to do. These roles are people that are motivated by threeShow MoreRelatedPlato s Interpretation Of Utopia1630 Words   |  7 PagesPlato and Aristotle shared many differences despite also sharing a teacher student relationship. This essay will strive to establish their understandings of reason and the role reason plays in their comprehensions of politics, differentiating between the kinds of reason and politics produced as a result. Plato is regarded as the first writer of political philosophy while Aristotle is recognised as the first political scientist. Plato’s interpretation of Utopia is founded upon the existence of threeRead MorePolitical Philosophy, By Steven Cahn1197 Words   |  5 PagesIn Steven Cahn s book, Political Philosophy, The Essential Texts, philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau created the circumstances to enable the fundamental principals of philosophy and politics. These knowledgeable, astute and significant men have helped to achieve the structure of our past and present democracy as well as a plan of action for the rights and values that we as citizens can all relate to today. They are grounded in their thinking and tied togetherRead MoreComparing Aristotle s 8 1455 Words   |  6 PagesNow the question is what values should one have to rule, what makes them qualified compared to others. Plato outlines the different aspects of government and why he believes an aristocracy would be better form of government. In book 8 Socrates starts to wrap up his depiction of a just city. He starts to break down the four unjust constitutions of the city and man. Timocracy, which is represented by the honor-driven man who resembles and rules that sort of government. There is an oligarchy, ruledRead MoreComparing Aristotle and Plato Essays1325 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Aristotle and Plato Aristotle argues that in order for a polis to emerge, a union between man and women must convene. Later a household must be introduced which unites with other households to form a village, villages come together to form city-states. This theory is Aristotle’s natural view that an individual can not be self sufficient Plato argues that, in order to achieve absolute justice, a city-state is needed. In The Republic, Plato builds around the idea of Philosopher RulersRead MorePlato And Aristotle s Views On Life794 Words   |  4 PagesAnalogy of Plato and Aristotle Aristotle and Plato were each great intellectual however their views on life are totally different. Plato was born round the year 428 BCE in Athens. (Plato) Plato was then introduce to was introduced to philosophy by Socrates in 469-399 B.C.( Plato)Who then became is mentor, however Socrates died , however shortly after his mentor die he had an an inspiration to induce his into politics this then lead him to be educated in Mediterranean. Plato then startedRead MorePlato Vs Aristotle On Politics And Philosophy1899 Words   |  8 PagesPlato versus Aristotle Plato and Aristotle, two philosophers in the 4th century, hold polar views on politics and philosophy in general. This fact is very cleverly illustrated by Raphael s School of Athens (1510-11; Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican), where Plato is portrayed looking up to the higher forms; and Aristotle is pointing down because he supports the natural sciences. In a discussion of politics, the stand point of each philoso pher becomes an essential factor. It is not coincidental thatRead MoreGreek Philosophers Bible On The Ancient World And English I2969 Words   |  12 Pages Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle s early lives affected their careers and Greek society, and their deaths and works of literature affected today s society. Socrates started out as a stone mason who eventually devoted most of his time to philosophy. Socrates works of literature reflect his world views and opinions. These opinions had a fatal consequence; he was persecuted for corrupting the youth of Athens. Socrates was Plato s teacher and instructor. Plato used his works of literatureRead MorePlato, Nietzsche, And Aristotles Theory Of Political Philosophy1670 Words   |  7 Pagesrenditions of what political theory is. This essay will focus on Plato, Nietzsche, and Aristotle, and their works, which respectively define the concepts of the common good and the significance of philosophers to the welfare of the state, self-deceiving intellect and the power of authority over our intellectual lives, and the concepts of interdependency and the importance of virtue and happiness for a succe ssful political framework. Plato, and his works are renowned for the development of the most centralRead MoreAristotle, The Man Of Thinking1025 Words   |  5 PagesAristotle, the Man of Thinking Aristotle is his name, philosophy is the game. Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and scientist who was born in Stagira Greece in 384 B.C. He lived to be 62 years old, which at the time, was a very good lifespan. Aristotle’s place of death was in Chalcis. His full name is Aristotle Stagiritis son of Nicomachus. He had a wife by the name of Hermias and a son with the name of Pythias. Aristotle is known well for teaching the world renowned man, referred to today as AlexanderRead More Politics Essay1524 Words   |  7 Pages Politics: the inescapable stalker of our society Politics is a process by which a group of people, whose opinions or interests might be divergent, reach collective decisions that are generally regarded as binding on the group and enforced as common policy. Political theory or political philosophy is as old as the oldest civilisations. The Greek philosophers, such as Aristotle and Plato, developed important political theories and methods of government alongside their more abstract philosophies

Theories of Leadership Free Essays

Professional and Staff Development FSPSD200 Leadership Theory Simplified Allisen Penn Assistant Professor  ­ Leadership Development â€Å"Pop leadership† philosophy abounds in our culture today. Book stores have shelves full of books on leader ­ ship. Leaders and leadership are discussed daily on tele ­ vision, radio, newspapers, magazines and on the web. We will write a custom essay sample on Theories of Leadership or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a result, many mixed messages about leadership are expressed. So – how do you decide what is accurate? Read the inside cover of a leadership book and you may find that the book is more about manage ­ ment and business than leadership. A agazine or newspaper may just express the opinion of a famous person about leadership. While the perspective of a well-known leader or the insight offered in a book may be valuable, you may want to ask – is this information supported by research? An understanding of the existing leadership research may help you shape your own opinion about what is good leadership. Once you determine what is good leader ­ ship, you can begin to develop your own leadership approach. Arkansas Is Our Campus Visit our web site at: http://www. uaex. edu What is leadership? There are almost as many definitions of leader ­ hip as there are books and opinions about leadership. You may want to define leadership for yourself. Write your definition of lead ership: A commonly accepted definition of leadership is a process used by an individual to influence a group of members toward a common goal (Bass, 1990; Howell and Costley, 2001). Maxwell (1993) simply states that leadership is influence. The following overview of leadership theories is intended to provide a synopsis of some of the research conducted on leadership in the last 50 years. There is a list of suggested reading (page 4) to help you learn more about the theories hat appeal to you. University of Arkansas, United States Department of Agriculture, and County Governments Cooperating Seven Common Views of Leadership Describe below: There are some common beliefs, which include both fact and fiction, about leadership that can be summarized into seven views of leadership (Lee and King, 2001). 1. The Genetic View – Some people are born with leadership talents and others are not. Only certain people can learn to lead effectively; they are naturals. If you do not have this in born talent, there is nothing you can do. 2. The Learned View – If you study leadership arefully and practice, you can learn to be an effective leader, no matter whom you are. In a sense, this is the opposite of the genetic view. This view is common in the military and among leadership development professionals. 3. The Heroic View – The only good leaders are those who perform courageous, wise and compas ­ sionate feats that the rest of us can’t. Think of the movie roles played by Gary Cooper, Jimmy Stewart and John Wayne. The perception is that this is the type of leaders who get the rest of us out of trouble. 4. The Top-Only View – Leadership only happens at or close to the top of an organization. Everyone else â€Å"just follows orders. † If you are not the boss, you are nothing. If you are the boss, you are everything anyone could wish for. Being â€Å"the boss† is the ultimate goal. 5. The Social Script View – When it is your proper turn to be the leader, you will be asked. When asked, you should accept and be grateful. After all, not everyone is asked. This approach is common in professional associations and civic or community organizations. 6. The Position View – If you are in the job and have the title, you are a leader. This idea is tradi ­ tional in bureaucracies and highly structured rganizations and carries some validity even in the most effective systems. If your title is phrased â€Å"director of†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or â€Å"head of†¦,† your leadership virtues are assumed. 7. The Calling View – Although not necessarily a religious experience, a â€Å"call† to lead can be quite compelling. This concept suggests that leaders have a sense of mission or purpose. Do any of these sound familiar to you? Which one of these viewpoints have you experienced? Every leader is different, and no single theory works for all leaders. Begin to develop your own leadership approach by learning more about the following leadership theories. †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Great man Trait Behavioral Contingency Transactional Transformational Great Man. Researchers who support the Great Man theory believe that people are born to leadership. This may include members of royalty, high-ranking military officers and industry heads. Today, many people still hold this traditional belief, and even though this theory may sound oldfashioned, research suggests that some people have personality traits, behaviors and knowledge that lend themselves to leadership (Yaverbaum and Sherman, 2008). Studying famous royal, military or industry leaders may provide you with some tools that help ou develop your own leadership abilit ies. Trait Theory. Similar to the Great Man theory, Trait theory suggests that the characteristics or the personality of a person may make them an effective leader. Several academics believe that potential leaders can be spotted by studying the personality traits of the individual and matching them to the characteristics of actual leaders. Trait theory was almost abandoned by leadership practitioners as leadership research evolved, but in the past few years, there has been a renewed interest and more research related to Trait theory. Leadership traits include physical or background raits, personal or ability traits and/or task or social traits such as: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Articulate Committed Decisive Determined †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Educated Energetic Integrity Intelligence Persistence Responsible Social Social Status Self-Confident James Kouzes and Barry Posner, authors of The Leadership Challenge, interviewed 75,000 pe ople to identify the top ten characteristics needed in a leader. Their list includes the following characteristics: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Broad-minded Competent Dependable Fair-minded Forward-looking Honest Inspiring Intelligent Supportive Straightforward All of these characteristics are not personality raits. Many researchers say you don’t have to be born with all of these traits. In fact, you can develop some of these characteristics as part of your personal leadership approach. Behavioral Theory. Behavior theory focuses on what an effective leader â€Å"does. † Leadership is not something you are born with, nor do you need a set of commonly accepted traits. However, effective leader ­ ship is dependent on the right behavior. Researchers proposed that for a leader to be effective, their behavior must vary with the situation. In other words, you can learn how to act like a leader. that match their ability. The leader provides coaching, direction, motivation and rewards for the followers. †¢ Situational Theory recommends that different situations call for different kinds of leadership. This calls for the leader to change their style to the abilities of their followers. Transactional Theory. Transactional leadership requires that the leader and follower agree to a contract. The follower is responsible for following orders to perform a task. The leader, in turn, gives rewards for following orders in completing the task. Transactional leadership suggests that people only complete tasks when there are external rewards. However, many people accomplish tasks and reach goals because of their own internal motivation. Transformational Theory. Transformational leadership is a process in which the leader engages others, builds trust and creates a connection that increases the motivation and morality in both the leader and the follower. (Northouse, 2001). A trans ­ formational leader focuses on others and their needs in order to help them reach their potential. In many ways, transformational leadership is about a leader’s ability to create a vision related to a goal that has meaning for both the leader and follower. Personalizing Leadership Which of these theories has the most appeal to you? Write a description about how and when you would use the theory, with whom, where and what skills you may need to learn to be more effective. What theory? Behavior theories are based on categories of behavior and leadership types. The myth in this thinking is that outward behavior is enough to establish leadership. In the 1970s, research found most of the Behavior theory research to be invalid (Howell and Costley, 2001; Yaverbaum and Sherman, 2008); however, leadership behavior is still frequently discussed. Contingency Theory. In a more progressive approach to leadership, Contingency theory recom ­ mends matching a leader’s style to the right situ ­ ation, which involves matching to the team of people and goals. Two common Contingency theories are Path-Goal theory and Situational theory. †¢ Path-Goal Theory proposes that effective leaders help followers reach goals through motivation by involving them in fulfilling and meaningful tasks How do you plan to use what you have learned? When will you use what you learned? References and Suggested Reading Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass and Stogdill’s Handbook of Leadership: Theory Research and Managerial Application. New York: Free Press. Howell, J. P. , and D. L. Costley (2001). Understanding Behaviors for Effective Leadership. Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall. With whom do you plan to use what you learned? Kouzes, J. M. , and B. Z. Posner (2002). The Leadership Challenge. San Francisco: Jossey Bass. Lee, R. J. , and S. N. King (2001). Discovering the Leader in You: A Guide to Realizing Your Personal Leadership Potential. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, Inc. Where do you plan to use what you have learned? Lewis, J. P. (2003). Project Leadership. New York: McGraw-Hill. Maxwell, J. C. (1993). Developing the Leader Within You. Nashville, TN: Injoy, Inc. Northouse, P. G. (2001). Leadership: Theory and Practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. What else do you need to learn to be more effective in this area? Yaverbaum, E. , and E. Sherman (2008). The Everything Leadership Book, 2nd ed. Avon, MA: F+W Publications, Inc. Printed by University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service Printing Services. ALLISEN PENN is Assistant Professor – Leadership Development with the University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service, located in Little Rock. FSPSD200-PD-11-08N Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Director, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Arkansas. The Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service offers its programs to all eligible persons regardless of race, color, national origin, religion, gender, age, disability, marital or veteran status, or any other legally protected status, and is an Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Employer. How to cite Theories of Leadership, Papers

Community Field Report Government and Relevant Stakeholders

Question: Describe about the Community Field Report for Government and Relevant Stakeholders. Answer: Background Despite the fact that there have been a lot of attention on obesity, the prevalence and incidence rates of this disorder are continually increasing. According to State of Obesity (2016), the prevalence rate for obesity in Florida has increased by 18.4% from 2000 yet 11.4% increase is noted from 11.4%. Merely based on these statistics, it is apparent that there have been a tremendous change in the demographics of Orange County since 2010 in contrast to previous years, but generally, the general population has increased by an average that is more than twice fold that of the national average (TownCharts, 2016). Stokes (2013) suggests that obesity will become a continuous cycle that will persist if the adult population does not adopt the right living strategies to lay an example for their juniors. Orange County is among the counties in Florida gravely affected by high rates of obesity, which are associated with poor socio-economic status, poor education, and lack of exercise. Yet, indivi duals in Orange County have a 97.8% access to exercise opportunities (Robert Wood Johnson Foundation cited in Health behaviors, 2016). Thereby, this report discusses obesity among the minority Hispanic and Blacks populations by identifying and addressing factors that potentially predispose them to obesity. Community Description, Orange County Orange County is at the heart of Florida County at the midpoint between Jacksonville and Miami. It consists of 13 municipalities and covers an area of 1,004 square miles. On the north, Orange County is bordered by Seminole County and Osceola County on the south. Lake County borders it on the west while Brevard County is on the east (Orange County Government Florida, 2016).- In comparison to other counties in Florida, the demographics data that was released in 2015 indicated that Orange county had the highest population at 1,200, 240 as indicated in appendix 1. This population has exponentially grown by 12.4% since 2010 and is largely attributed to migration. The whites make up the largest portion of the population at 69% while the African American account for 22.2% of this population, and the Hispanic/Latinos make up 29.2%. The Blacks and Hispanics are a minority group that does not have adequate resources at its disposable to support good health; thence, this report aims to focus on these two groups of people. The Hispanics, also referred to as the Latinos make up 26.9% of the population in Orange County while Non-Hispanic Blacks make up 19.5% as shown in the figure below (Orange County Government Florida, 2016). Adapted from Orange County (2016) Population Affected Since the Hispanics and the blacks are three times poorer than the whites, it is also likely that they are not able to access health care facilities; hence, high rates of poor health including high obesity rates. According to the Community Health Needs Assessment (2013) report, there has been an increase in vegetable and fruit consumption in all population groups of Orange County as well as a stability vis--vis a reduction in sedentary lifestyles, binge drinking, and smoking in the previous three years from the time the report was prepared. Nonetheless, the prevalence of obesity in Orange County as part of the tri-county region in Florida increased since 2010. According to a report by Community Commons (2015), 23.5% of adults from the age of 20 years had a BMI of more than 30.0 as shown below. Despite the fact that obesity continues to be an issue in Orange County, based on the map below, the initiatives that have been set up within the country have helped to maintain it at levels of less than 26.1%. In reference to this report by Community Commons (2015), the report area helps to give a tentative picture of the situation in Orange County. Based on this report area as shown below, the decline in obesity is evident and more males than female seem to be affected by obesity. Health Inequity Stratton (2013) indicates that there is economic misery among the minority populations by indicating a study that reveals variation in distribution of resources among the various races within Orange County, Florida. Whereas the blacks and Hispanics wallow in high poverty levels and unemployment, the whites sail in riches and occupy the wealthiest areas of the county. Despite the fact that there has been documentation of the strikingly wide gap in income, education, and living standards among the different ethnic groups, interventions have not adequately addressed this issue. Thereby, I intend to bridge this gap by offering mobile health promotion services as outlined in my action plan later in this paper. This will help to increase accessibility to health care because lack of health insurance is an inhibiting factor to accessing health care despite the Healthy People recommendation for 100% health care insurance coverage (Community health needs assessment, 2013). According to State of Obesity (2014), less nutritious and calorie-dense foods are cheaper and affordable to low-income and poverty stricken populations. In addition low-income households are food insecure and less likely to access the healthier and expensive foods. In the article, Bill can shower food deserts with nutrition (2015), low-income populations at the national and county levels have the same fate. Based on this information, the low-income neighborhoods are clustered in areas where supermarkets and fresh produce groceries and related stores are not available. In one study, only 8% of the African Americans lived in areas that had a supermarket in close proximity (State of Obesity, 2014). Also, most of the advertisements in these low-income neighborhoods are of high-calorie foods that are low nutritional value. The inequities in prevalence and influencing factors of obesity matter because of the associated effects of obesity. According to the State of Obesity (2014), the medical costs associated with preventable diseases, such as heart diseases, high blood pressure, stroke, diabetes, and renal disease, could be avoided if measures to promote equitable distribution of resources were put in place. On an annual basis, the health care system is burdened with $23.9 billion, which could otherwise be reduced or avoided if healthy strategies to attain the recommended weights in relation to height are set in place. Health Concern Obesity is a predominant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, especially coronary heart disease due to the close link between obesity and hypercholesterolemia and high blood pressure (Obesity, 2005). According to Healthy People 2020 (2016), good nutrition, healthy body weight, and physical activity are predecessors of obesity, which is an essential element of an individuals overall health. The Health People 2020 (2016) note that a large percentage of the American population, and especially those from lower-income households, minority population groups, and neighborhoods referred to as food deserts as described below are not able to maintain a healthy lifestyle through good nutrition and an active lifestyle. Measures Underway In 2012, a Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnership (MAPP) model was used as part of a Community Health Improvement Plan in Orange County (CHIP) (2012-2015 Orange County, 2012). Whereas this plan is meant to determine the Community needs of the community on a general perspective, there are limited specific strategies or interventions used to address specific issues. In reference to obesity as indicated in this report, objectives were laid down that were to be achieved by the end of last year, but data in this is not available. Since one of the objectives was to determine the barriers of engaging in physical activity despite the availability of recreational facilities noted in Central Florida (2016) where individuals can exercise, I will review these barriers and engage the community in resolving them. I intend to use the community groups to encourage engagement in physical activity. The Florida Department of Health (2014) indicates a myriad of initiatives that the department of health within the country have formulated and engaged in to improve the health status of the people in Orange County. The various models used to improve health status have an impact on obesity in one way or another since it is highlighted as one of the major risk factors for chronic diseases. Since education on nutrition is conducted among the individuals in Orange County, I will gather information on the topics that have been covered in my target population and focus on what has not been taught. In an annual report by Florida Department of Health (2014), documentation of the 12 domains of public health accreditation (PHA) health within Orange County was formulated. All the twelve domains of health that were prepared during this time are relevant to obesity, but in reference to this 2013 report, much of the focus was on communicable issues unlike non-communicable ones like obesity. Since the platform in reference to the 12 domains has already being laid down, I will develop an action plan that seeks to utilize the current data on assessment and disparity in resources to develop a health promotion program aimed to educate and encourage the adoption of a healthy lifestyle while integrating evidence-based practices. In this way, I will help to attain the objectives linked to the 12 domains of PHA. Orange County is part of the Central Florida Community Benefit Collaboration as a move to aid in the implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) that stipulates the need for a Community Health Needs Assessment once in three years (Community Health Needs Assessment, 2013). The DOH in Orange County appreciates evidence-based interventions through continuous clinical trials and research that helps to improve health service delivery, increase access to health, contain cost, and enhance the sustainability of relevant programs (Florida Department of Health, 2015). This 2015 report indicates that the DOH is aimed at improving the quality of foods accessed by all individuals through reduction of artificial fats and added sugars in the foods. Some entrepreneurs have thought of mobile food markets to increase the availability of the less nutritious foods like fruits and vegetables in neighborhoods that have limited access to groceries and supermarkets (see appendix 2). Breen (2015) gives the example of the Lynx bus, which instead of ferrying individuals and goods, has been transformed into a mobile grocery store that increases availability of these fruits and vegetables. Whereas the move was not linked to nutrition, it will be integrated in my action plan as noted below. Outcome Identification The program aims to achieve the benefits associated obesity reduction as described by Ross and Bradshaw (2009). Successful outcomes will include weight loss by at least 5%, reduced waistlines and visceral fat, which are preceding risk factors for cardio-metabolic disorders, by more than 10% and consumption of healthy balanced meals with the recommended portions of the different nutrients. Planning Population Focused Objectives To increase the knowledge level of the Hispanics and the blacks regarding the constituents of a healthy lifestyle To steer the formation of community support groups through which members can mobilize resources and use them for their benefit, for example, raising money to buy vegetables in bulk at a cheaper price and equally distributing them among the members. Nurse Focused Objectives Provide 2-hour education for two weeks on pertinent topics on obesity by liaising with the department of health Use community groups to indulge in healthy living practices I will form partnerships right from beginning after formulating my objectives, activities to be accrued out and the indicators of success, as I will prepare a presentation. This presentation will be my ticket for lobbying for funds from the different stakeholders that I will target to be involved in my program. These stakeholders will include, but not limited to community organizations, the department of health, institutions of health within the area, and NGOs since they have been involved in similar programs as noted by Building a healthy Parramore (2011), as an example. I will liaise with the main suppliers so that they can supply fresh vegetables and fruits to the individuals at friendlier prices compared to prices of retailer stores. The individuals will make the purchases in bulk through the support groups, and each member will make a fair contribution for this cause. Nonetheless, the buses will continue to supply to individuals within the neighborhoods. Just like Beatty, Harris , and Barnes (2010) note, working with these partners is critical to the project. Activity Time Activity Indicators 1/9/2016-15/9/2016 excluding weekends Enrollment of individuals and households into the program -Number of participants in the register database 17/9/2016 30/9/2016 4.00 pm to 6.00 pm Education by nutritionists, doctors, and psychologists Knowledge levels using questionnaires Attendance rates Attrition rates 1/10/2016-15/10/2016 Formation of Community support groups Number of community support groups 16/10/2016-30/10/2016 MOU between the mobile market vendors and community support groups -Servings of vegetables in the households 1/11/2016 8.00 am to 5.00 pm Walk to mark the end of the program Number of participants Evaluation Using the planning objectives and the timeline as guides, I will formulate a questionnaire to help me evaluate my action plan in relation to progress and outcomes as recommended by Taylor, Purdue, Wilson, and Wilde (2015). I will periodically conduct surveys to obtain data, which I will analyze and using a pre-post design at different intervals, determine the effects of the program at different time intervals, as noted in the Community Tool Box (2016). After advertising the program and delineation of participation criteria, followed by enrolment, I will carry out a baseline survey from the people who will take part in the program (Chappelle, 2014). I will leave enrolment open so that individuals wishing to join the program as it progresses can do so after a short assessment. I will monitor the progress of the program by determining the number of participants in relation to the entire population in a neighborhood. Increase in the number of participants will mean that the program has a positive effect on the community; thus, they are ready to give their time to achieve success and sustainability of the program. Attrition rates will indicate a converse scenario, and a need to modify the program. I will determine the success of the program by determining the knowledge levels, weight loss, taking waist line measurement, and assessing the quality of meals in relation to balance and proportions of the different foods. Conclusion Often, people tend to think that the government and relevant stakeholders do not give adequate attention to their plight. In reference to Orange County where there are no grocery stores and deemed as a food desert, the government is trying to develop ideas. The major challenge is usually in its implementation phase due to the availability of several recommendations made on how to address issues, but which are met with little or no groundwork. By addressing the gaps in the interventions that are already underway in Hispanic and Black neighborhoods, I aim to contribute towards alleviating the obesity issue among the minority populations in Orange County, FL. References Beatty, K., Harris, J K., Barnes, P. A. (2010). 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